Cotton, cattle, citrus, climate, and copper were known locally as the "Five C's" anchoring Phoenix's economy. Despite this, its canal system led to a thriving farming community with the original settlers' crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus, and hay. It is in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert and has a hot desert climate. It became the capital of Arizona Territory in 1889. Phoenix was settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers and was incorporated as a city in 1881. It is the largest metropolitan area, both by population and size, of the Arizona Sun Corridor megaregion. Phoenix, the seat of Maricopa County, has the largest area of all cities in Arizona, with an area of 517.9 square miles (1,341 km 2), and is also the 11th largest city by area in the United States. The metropolitan area is the 11th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.85 million people as of 2020. Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is part of the Salt River Valley. state capitals with a population of more than one million residents, along with Austin, Texas. It is the fifth-most populous city in the United States, and one of only two U.S. state of Arizona, with 1,608,139 residents as of 2020. Phoenix ( / ˈ f iː n ɪ k s/ FEE-niks Navajo: Hoozdo Spanish: Fénix or Fínix, Walapai: Banyà:nyuwá ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S.
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